CHARLES ALMA BAKER: PENGLIBATAN DALAM PERLUASAN EKONOMI TANAH MELAYU DAN KONFLIK DENGAN PENTADBIRAN BRITISH

Abstract

This article intends to examine the role played by Charles Alma Baker, a New Zealander, in developing the Malay States during the period of the Federated Malay States, from the late 1890s to the early 20th century. It also analyses the administrative hurdles faced by him in carrying out his work. Alma Baker contributed directly to the economy by investing his capital in tin mines and rubber plantations. He carried out surveys and supervised construction of new roads to service the rapid expansion of commercial agriculture and tin mining in the FMS. Although he was successful to a certain extent, there were nevertheless many occassions when he became the victim of bureaucratic harassment at the hands of the Land Officers, Residents, Resident-General and High Commissioners.